// HARDWARE MODULE 08

Liquid Cooling Facts & Technologies

CYBERGRIND.ORG
HW-008
v1.0 // 2026
How Liquid Cooling Works
CPU Heat
Water Block
Pump
Radiator
Fan Dissipation
Back to Block
Coolant absorbs heat from the CPU baseplate via the water block, travels through tubes to the radiator, is cooled by fans, and returns to repeat the cycle. Water's higher thermal density allows it to absorb more heat than air, enabling lower fan speeds, reduced noise, and better sustained temperatures.
Consumer Liquid Cooling Options

AIO — All-In-One

Self-contained pre-filled loop with a water block, pump, tubing, and radiator in a single unit. Easy to install, no maintenance, good for most users.

  • 120mm, 240mm, 280mm, 360mm radiator sizes
  • No refilling or maintenance required
  • Fixed configuration — not expandable

Custom Loop

Fully configurable systems with separate pump, reservoir, radiator, and water blocks. Can cool CPU, GPU, and VRMs simultaneously.

  • Higher upfront cost and complexity
  • Requires periodic fluid top-up
  • Best sustained thermals available
Advanced Cooling Technologies

ALHS — Active-Liquid Heat Sink

Integrates the liquid heat sink, internal pump, fan, and radiator into a single compact self-contained unit. Eliminates external pumps required in traditional water loops. Strong all-around thermal performance in a smaller footprint.

Immersion Cooling

Components submerged in thermally conductive, electrically non-conductive dielectric fluid. Primarily used in data centers. Can achieve PUE as low as 1.05 vs 1.35 for air cooling.

Immersion Cooling Types

Single-Phase Immersion

Components sit in dielectric fluid (often mineral oil). Heat transfers to the fluid, which is pumped to an external heat exchanger. Fluid stays liquid throughout. Complex cleanup when replacing components.

Two-Phase Immersion

Dielectric fluid engineered to boil at CPU operating temperatures. Vapor rises, condenses on a cooled coil, and drips back as liquid. Extremely efficient but very expensive. Primarily enterprise data centers.

Cooling Method Comparison
MethodEfficiencyCostUse Case
Air CoolingLow to ModerateLowMost consumer systems
AIO LiquidModerate to HighMediumGaming / enthusiast builds
Custom LoopHighHighExtreme overclocking, multi-component
ALHSHighMedium-HighCompact high-performance builds
ImmersionHighestVery HighData centers only